Professor Ruge Publications

The documents available on this module reflect a substantial part of the work of Prof. Josephat Rugemalira as a linguist within the university setting. The intention is to provide access to those materials produced under the auspices of the Languages of Tanzania Project which are now largely out of print and have never been made available online. It is my hope that, with time, the University of Dar es Salaam will be able to make the large amount of material produced from that project available to the wider public via the internet.

Nyaraka zinazopatikana hapa zinawakilisha sehemu muhimu ya kazi ya Prof. Josephat Rugemalira kama mwanaisimu katika mazingira ya chuo kikuu. Nia ya kuziweka hapa ni kuwawezesha watu mbalimbali kupata nyaraka hizi ambazo zilitokana na kazi za Mradi wa Lugha za Tanzania na ambazo kwa kiasi kikubwa hazichapishwi tena, na hazijawahi kupatikana katika intaneti. Ni matumaini yangu kwamba, hatimaye, Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam kitaweza kuziweka kwenye intaneti nyaraka nyingine nyingi zilizotokana na mradi ule, kwa manufaa ya umma.

The –ag- TAM marker and the boundary between cliticization and affixation in Bantu

This paper surveys the variations in the functions/meanings assigned to the post-root –ag- formative in several Bantu languages. It shows that these variations, which are a result of historical changes, are not limited to function/meaning alone

Locative Arguments In Bantu

1. Introduction

This paper seeks to document the wide variety of marking strategies, across Bantu languages, for locative expressions and to show that this rich resource base corresponds to a wide variety of semantic nuances for the locative concept. The paper also shows that there are several strategies for licensing locative arguments, that the majority of locative expressions qualify as arguments and that only certain types of locative expressions are adjuncts.

Language Policy and Planning – the Tanzania Experience

Introduction

The Tanzanian experience is a typical case that illustrates how language policy and planning is a site of struggle - for cultural influence, economic dominance, and political control. The similarities with other African countries in this struggle are so obvious as to require little restating - a conflictual triglossic environment, with the ex-colonial language, viz. English, at the top of the hierarchy, a regional lingua franca, viz. Swahili, in the middle, and multiple local ethnic community languages1 at the bottom of the heap (Rubagumya 1991). Yet some of the battles lost or won and the methods employed are worth examining particularly because the Tanzanian case has been so often erroneously cited as a success story.

1.1 Geography and Society

The people whose language is the subject of this study inhabit the district of Karagwe, in the northwestern corner of Tanzania. The district covers an area of 2,700 square miles, stretching roughly from 30°30’ to 31°30’E, and from 1° to 2°S. This constitutes the core of the old Karagwe kingdom, but it is said that the kingdom used to stretch further south and east before German colonialists gave part of the territory to Karagwe’s neighbours whose kings collaborated with the invaders at the end of the 19th century (Katoke 1970, 1975; Cory n.d.; Webster 1979). The current territory is almost completely demarcated by natural boundaries. The Kagera River constitutes the western boundary with Rwanda, the northern boundary with Uganda, and the northeastern boundary with the district of Bukoba within Tanzania. A tributary of the Kagera, River Mwisa, and Lake Burigi and the adjoining marshland, form the eastern boundary with Bukoba and Muleba districts. The southern boundary with Ngara district consists of a straight line from the southern tip of Lake Burigi just south of the 2nd parallel. The name of the territory, Karágwe, derives from the verb kuraga – “bequeath”, “bid farewell”, and here may be rendered “let you be bequeathed (something)” or “may someone bequeath something to you”. The pretender to the old throne, Mr. Cosmas Rumanyika, suggests that there used to be a village to with that name in the southern part of the kingdom.

Madhumuni

Orodha hii ya msamiati wa Runyambo ni ya kwanza yenye ukubwa kiasi hiki kuandaliwa. Orodha yenyewe imekusudiwa kukidhi mahitaji ya wasomaji wa aina mbili. Kwanza, kama ilivyokusudiwa katika mpangilio wa Mradi wa Lugha za Tanzania, itakidhi mahitaji ya watafiti isimu wanapofanya uchunguzi kwa kulinganisha data za lugha mbalimbali. Pili, katika jitihada za kukuza na kuhifadhi lugha za Tanzania, orodha hii itakidhi mahitaji ya msomaji wa kawaida, hasa yule ambaye lugha yake ya kwanza in Runyambo. Inatazamiwa kwamba msamiati huu utaweka msingi wa kutengeneza kamusi ya Runyambo, kuweka vigezo vya maandishi, na kuweka msukumo wa elimu ya kusoma na kuandika katika jamii ya Abanyambo.

Page 1 of 3